To your point, Berkeley's intro-level CS class, CS61A, used to use teach Prolog as an example of logic programming. They use SQL now instead.
I can't really attest to whether that's a better choice for learning logic programming, though. It's easier to "run programs" in Prolog. SQL wants to be a cog in a machine where Prolog is more freestanding.
I definitely did a bunch of Prolog in my CMPT216 class back in undergrad and I hadn't really thought of SQL as an alternative until today. I agree with you it's easier to "run programs" in Prolog, and a lot of the concepts from the class would have been more difficult to map to SQL than Prolog (e.g. writing a Sudoku solver in Prolog was mind-melting in a good way, writing a Sudoku solver in SQL would probably be mind-melting in a bad way). The one thing that SQL does have going for it though is that there's a ton of tooling for getting practical real-world data into it.
I would absolutely love to take a set of logic/set-oriented problems and solve them both in Prolog and SQL, just to see which ones are ergonomic in each language. Maybe this summer at the cabin...
The tooling thing goes both ways. I remember classmates struggling with homework because they were trying to use a different flavor of SQL than the SQLite we ran for class. This stuff is obvious to engineers, but very confusing to someone whose first hello-world was 8 weeks ago.
I can't really attest to whether that's a better choice for learning logic programming, though. It's easier to "run programs" in Prolog. SQL wants to be a cog in a machine where Prolog is more freestanding.