Both but it's mostly not the therapy chatbots or normal "chatgpt" those are worse enough. It's these dumbass ai girlfriend/boyfriend bots that run on uncensored small models. They get unhinged really fast.
That's SUPER interesting because obviously the researchers didn't look here first. That even if "therapy chatbots" were fixed, you'd still have a massive space where the true problem is.
On the ground, it's wildly different. For me, a very left field moment.
I see a lot of ads for girlfriend chatbots, either blatant or with all kinds of thin disguises (the last ad I remember was a "personal assistant who will do anything", but "therapy" is also a popular framing). In comparison I barely see or hear anything about professional not-sexy therapy chatbots.
I imagine if you go to psychology conferences you get exposed to the professional side a lot more, but for the average internet user that's very different. I wouldn't be surprised if the AI girlfriend sites had many, many orders of magnitude more users
