Some tests require memorized knowledge, like what is the stall speed of your airplane. Some tests require reasoning skills, like what is the stress in this beam.
There are learning frameworks that explain it all well enough.
Learning what something is, vs applying what you learned has different terminology in the learning world, but not everyone might use that.
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Some tests require memorized knowledge, like what is the stall speed of your airplane. Some tests require reasoning skills, like what is the stress in this beam.